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The chemical state of a chemical element is its electronic, chemical and physical nature as it exists in combination with a group of one or more other elements or in its natural "elemental state". Material scientists, solid state physicists, analytical chemists, surface scientists and spectroscopists describe or characterize the chemical, physical and/or electronic nature of the surface or the bulk regions of a material as having or existing as one or more chemical states. ==Overview== The chemical state set comprises and encompasses these subordinate groups and entities: chemical species, functional group, anion, cation, oxidation state, chemical compound and elemental forms of an element. This term or phrase is commonly used when interpreting data from analytical techniques such as: * Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) * Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) * Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA, XPS) * Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, EDX) * Infrared spectroscopy (IR, FT-IR, ATR) * Liquid chromatography (LC, HPLC) * Mass spectrometry (MS, ToF-SIMS, D-SIMS) * Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, H-NMR, C-NMR, X-NMR) * Photoemission spectroscopy (PES, UPS) * Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman) * Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) * X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCA) * Wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDX, WDS) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「chemical state」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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